1 Introduction

The following instructions are the style guidelines for authors who wish to publish their articles in this online journal. We would like to urge the authors to fully conform to these guidelines. Any deviation from the guidelines prolongs the time needed to publish their articles.

1.2 Article and its Attachments

Any article sent to the journal (via philologica.net@gmail.com) must be complemented by the following attachments. Without them the articles will not be published.

1. full name(s) of the author(s) of the article
2. English translation of the title of the article
3. English abstract of the article (max. 240 characters)
4. the section in which the article is to be published:
   • General Topics (usually for interdisciplinary and other content)
   • Linguistics
   • Literature
   • Language Teaching
   • Culture Studies
   • Translation Studies
5. one English keyword or keyphrase (other than section name)

Please note that articles and attachments other than electronic will not be accepted.

1.2 Language and Publishing Policies

Theoretically, the internet standards namely the UNICODE character specifications make it possible to display the content of the internet in any contemporary or old-time language. Thus the authors could choose the language of their articles with respect to the language of the target audience. However, in order to ensure that all articles published in our journal do not contain offensive or otherwise inappropriate texts, the executive editor of PHILOLOGICA.NET reserves the right to reject articles failing to comply with these criteria. Thus, we currently accept contributions in

• English (preferred)
• German
• French
• Spanish
• Italian
• Czech (preferred)
• Slovak
• Polish
• Russian

1.3 Recommended Citation Format

As far as the way of citing bibliographic references is concerned, PHILOLOGICA.NET highly recommends its contributors to follow the ISO 690 and ISO 690-2 citation standards.

1.4 General Structure of the Article

Any article on PHILOLOGICA.NET may consist of up to four structural divisions:

1. The “Table of Contents” division (optional)
2. The “Article Proper” division (obligatory)
3. The “Notes” division (optional)
4. The “References” division (optional)

2. Format of the Articles

PHILOLOGICA.NET is a hypertext-based online journal and therefore it uses (selected portions of) the HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) language as the format in which we publish the articles. The HTML language is easy to learn and the articles in HTML can be written in virtually any simple text editor. This is because writing in HTML consists of merely enclosing the given parts of text with the HTML tags. The tags will ensure that the enclosed text will be displayed with the feature specified by the name of the respective tag(s). Thus, for example, enclosing the word "Philologica" with the tags <U> and </U>, i.e. like this

<U>Philologica</U>

will underline the word:

Philologica

The following parts contain information how to write articles in the HTML format.

2.1 General Formatting Tags

Any article on PHILOLOGICA.NET may consist of up to four structural divisions:

1. The “Table of Contents” division (optional)
2. The “Article Proper” division (obligatory)
3. The “Notes” division (optional)
4. The “References” division (optional)

(On how to format the individual divisions please refer to part 2.2.)

In divisions 2., 3. and 4., the following tags may be used where necessary:

<B>...</B> will render a portion of the text in boldface
<I>...</I> will italicize a portion of the text
<U>...</U> will underline a portion of the text

However, we do not recommend combining them as is shown by the asterisked line:

*<B><U>...</U></B>

Probably the greatest advantage of on-line publishing is that any part of text may be turned into a hyperlink. This is done using the <A> tag. For example, encapsulating the word “on-line" in the following sentence

PHILOLOGICA.NET is
an <A HREF="http://philologica.net">on-line</A> journal in modern philology.

will turn the word “on-line" into a hyperlink pointing to the homepage of our journal:

PHILOLOGICA.NET is an on-line journal in modern philology.

The <A> tag is allowed in all of the four divisions.

2.2 Division-Specific Formatting

The following parts contain information about the formatting of the individual divisions.

2.2.1 Formatting the “Table of Contents” Division

The “Table of Contents” division of the article is not obligatory. If the author wishes to include a table of contents into his article, he must begin this division with the following piece of HTML code:

<DIV CLASS="contents">
<H3>Table of Contents</H3>

Within the contents, the tags forming an ordered list of contents are allowed:

<OL> indicates the start of the list
<LI> must precede the first item of the list
<LI> must precede the second item of the list
.
.
<LI> must precede the last item of the list
</OL> indicates the end of the list

The list can be nested as shown in the following example:

<OL> the start of the list - LEVEL 1
<LI> LEVEL 1, list item 1

<OL> the start of the nested list - LEVEL 2
<LI> LEVEL 2, list item 1
<LI> LEVEL 2, list item 2
</OL> the end of the nested list - LEVEL 2

<LI> LEVEL 1, list item 2
<LI> LEVEL 1, list item 3
<LI> LEVEL 1, list item 4
</OL> the end of the list - LEVEL 1

To mark the end of the “Table of Contents” division, the following tag MUST be placed at the very end of the division:

</DIV>

2.2.2 Formatting the “Article Proper” Division

The “Article Proper” division is the only obligatory division and must be introduced by the following piece of HTML code:

<DIV CLASS="article">

The following are the tags that the authors may use to format the text of the article proper:

<H3>...</H3> will mark the names of chapters as headings
<H4>...</H4> can be used to mark subheadings
<P>...</P> will mark the main paragraphs
<BLOCKQUOTE>...</BLOCKQUOTE> will mark examples

To render several items into an unordered list of items, the following group of tags may be used:

<UL> inicates the start of the list
<LI> must precede the first item of the list
<LI> must precede the second item of the list
.
.
.
<LI> must precede the last item of the list
</UL> indicates the end of the list

Similarly, to render several items into an ordered (numbered) list of items, the following group of tags may be used:

<OL> indicates the start of the list
<LI> must precede the first item of the list
<LI> must precede the second item of the list
.
.
.
<LI> must precede the last item of the list
</OL> indicates the end of the list

Articles may contain pictures, which have to be sent separately in the attachment. In order to display the picture(s) as part of the article, the following tag must used to mark the position of the picture within the text:

<IMG SRC="figure1.gif" ALT="Figure 1" BORDER="0">

In the above example, figure1.gif stands for the name of the picture. The author may specify whether the picture will have a border or not. This is done via the “BORDER” attribute which is placed inside the IMG tag (BORDER="0" renders the picture without a border, BORDER="1" renders the picture with a thin border). Also inside the IMG tag, the ALT atribute must be used to specify alternate text For browsers that cannot display images. The alternate text of the image in the above example is Figure 1.

On PHILOLOGICA.NET, the maximum acceptable picture width is 480 pixels. Please note that the IMG tag does not have a closing tag.

Should the picture be given a name/description, for example “Figure No.1”, the following tag, written immediately after the <IMG> tag, will append the name/description to the picture:

<H6>Figure No.1</H6>

To mark the end of the “Article Proper” division, the following tag must be placed at the very end of the division:

</DIV>

2.2.3 Formatting the “Notes” Division

The “Notes” division is not obligatory. If the author does use notes throughout the text, the text of the notes should appear in this division as the so-called “endnotes”.

The “Notes” division must be introduced by the following piece of HTML code:

<DIV CLASS="notes">
<H3>Notes</H3>

Then come the notes themselves. Each of the notes must begin with a number in square brackets, and the whole text of the note, together with the note number, must be enclosed in the <P>...</P> tags. The corresponding note numbers within the “Article Proper“ division must also be given in square brackets.

On PHILOLOGICA.NET, all notes in the “Notes” division may be hyperlinked with the note numbers in the “Article Proper“ division. The hyperlinking of the note numbers in the “Article Proper“ to the note numbers at the beginning of the notes in the “Notes” division is done using the A tag. The following piece of code shows the way it should be done:

<DIV CLASS="article">
<H3>Chapter 4</H3>
<P>In this chapter I would like to comment on
a paper <A HREF="#note1" name="1">[1]</A> recently published in ... </P>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS="notes">
<H3>Notes</H3>
<P><A HREF="#1" NAME="note1">[1]</A> The paper is also available online ...</P>
</DIV>

When displayed by a WWW browser, the code will produce the following result:

Chapter 4

In this chapter I would like to comment on a paper [1] recently published in ...

Notes

[1] The paper is also available online ...

As can be seen from the result, the note numbers are hyperlinked and a click on the note number that follows the word “paper” will take the reader to its destination - the note.

The end of the “Notes” division must be marked by the </DIV> tag.

2.2.4 Formatting the “References” Division

The “References” division of the article is not obligatory. If the author wishes to include references to other articles, he or she must place the references at the end of the whole article. Formatting the “References” division should not cause any serious problems. First, the “References” division must be introduced by the following piece of HTML code:

<DIV CLASS="references">
<H3>References</H3>

Then comes the text with the references. Each reference must be enclosed in the <P>...</P> tags. For example

<P>Firbas, J. (1961): 'On the communicative value of the modern English finite verb', <I>Brno Studies in English</I> 3, pp. 79-104</P>
<P>Firbas, J. (1992): <I>Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication</I>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521373085</P>

The “References” division must be closed by the following tag:

</DIV>

The content of the "Reference" division will then look like the following:

References

Firbas, J. (1961): 'On the communicative value of the modern English finite verb', Brno Studies in English 3, pp. 79-104

Firbas, J. (1992): Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521373085

2.3 Using Tables

Due to the fact that the way the tables are constructed in HTML is rather complex, we ask the authors to sent all tables as pictures in GIF format. The tables will be published as pictures. Please make sure the width of all pictures does not exceed 480 pixels. For further information on how to include pictures in the article, see section 2.2.2 Formatting the “Article Proper” division of this document.

2.4 Writing Phonetic Transcription

The IPA (International Phonetic Association) characters can be used in the articles in phonetic transcriptions but must be enclosed as shown in the following example:

<SPAN class="ipa">......</SPAN>

For example, to include a phonetic transcription of the English word "thing", the following text would have to be used:

<SPAN class="ipa">[&#952;&#618;&#331;]</SPAN>

This will be displayed as

[θɪŋ]

For more information about the character codes of the IPA letters please visit the IPA/UNICODE page of Prof. John Wells (University College London, UK).

2.5 Tag Summary

<B>...</B> render the text in boldface

<I>...</I> italicize the text

<U>...</U> underline the text

<A HREF="http://w3c.org">hyperlink</A> a hyperlink to w3c.org

<DIV CLASS="contents">...</DIV> surround “the contents” division <DIV CLASS="article">...</DIV> surround “the article proper” division <DIV CLASS="notes">...</DIV> surround “the notes” division <DIV CLASS="references">...</DIV> surround “the references” division

<H3>...</H3> mark a heading

<H4>...</H4> mark a subheading

<P>...</P> surround a paragraph, a note item or a reference item

<BLOCKQUOTE>...</BLOCKQUOTE> surround an indented example

<UL> indicates the start of an unordered list <LI> an item of the list </UL> indicates the end of the unordered list

<OL> indicates the start of an ordered list <LI> an item of the list </OL> indicates the end of the ordered list

<IMG SRC="figure1.gif" ALT="Picture" BORDER="0"> inserts an image

<H6>Figure No.1</H6>attach the image name “Figure No.1”

<SPAN class="ipa">...</SPAN> enclose phonetic transcriptions

3. Article Template

The following code is a template that can be copied&pasted into a text editor and used as a start-up piece of HTML code for a new article. Remember that except for the “Article Proper” division, shown here against the reddish background, all the other divisions are optional.

<DIV CLASS="contents">
  <H3>Table of Contents</H3>

   <OL>
    <LI>
   </OL>

</DIV>
<DIV CLASS="article">

  <H3>                   </H3>
  <H4>                   </H4>
  <P>                    </P>
  <BLOCKQUOTE>           </BLOCKQUOTE>

</DIV>
<DIV CLASS="notes">
  <H3>Notes</H3>

   <P><A name="note1" href="#1">[1]</A>          </P>
   <P><A name="note2" href="#2">[2]</A>          </P>

</DIV>
<DIV CLASS="references">
  <H3>References</H3> 

   <P>          </P>
   <P>          </P>

</DIV>