Idioms: Production, Storage and Comprehension

Marek Havrila

The present paper offers a brief overview of theories on production, storage and comprehension of idiomatic expressions and emphasizes the relative position of these expressions on the interface of grammar and lexicon.

Klasifikácia reálií z predmetného hľadiska a jej aktualizácia

[Objective classification of realia and its actualization]

Stanislava Gálová

This paper deals with a new approach to the classification of realia, proposing new categories according to the frequency of occurrence in contemporary literary works.

Intercultural exchange, identity and exoticism in Czech and Slovak translations from Arabic

Khalid El Biltagi

The attitudes towards translated Arabic literature are different and connected with problems of intercultural exchange and the public bias that considered Arabic societies as similar and associated it with various stereotypes. We argue in this paper theoretical framework for analysis of intercultural exchange elements in literary texts translated from Arabic to Czech and Slovak language. Some cultural categories with model examples are discussed while examining the selected translations. The approaches that were applied oscillated between veracity and informative function, reproduction and artistic level. Considering the nature of the text and the similarities between the ideal source-text and target-text reader, an important aspect is to determine how much missing background information should be provided by the translator using these methods. Completely or partial transferring the cultural contents to the target text could only do the competent translator according to the knowledge base of the target text reader about the source culture. The translator is responsible for the right interpretation of the source text and its culture elements. He is responsible as well for educating the target text reader to understand the conventions and cultural references of the remote culture. It has been recognized that in order to preserve specific cultural references certain additions need to be brought to the target text. This implies that formal equivalence should not be sought as this is not justified when considering the expectations of the target text reader.

„Nedají si říct a nedají si říct!“ Výuka komunikace v medicíně a její materiálová základna

[Teaching Communication in Medicine: Literature Background]

Miroslav Černý

The article provides an informatory survey into existing literature background for learning communication skills in the field of medicine. It presents the situation which can be observed in the Czech Republic, and bases its conclusions on the analysis of three recent contributions relevant to the topic represented by the title.

Specifika interakce mezi lékařem a pacientem

[Particularities of Doctor-Patient Interaction]

Miroslav Černý

The article describes a few particularities of interaction between doctors and patients. The author pays attention especially to those aspects of medical interviewing which are viewed by the doctor and the patient as disserviceable.

Some functional differences between idioms and ‘single words’

Marek Havrila

The article presents a selective overview of functional and pragmatic differences between idiomatic and ‘single words’ expressions. The author focuses on differences in stylistic and cultural values, semantic implicatures, and effects on facilitation and organization of communication.

Observing Gestures

Lenka Sedlářová

This article makes an attempt at describing the methods of observation of nonverbal elements, particularly gestures.